“The most efficient and effective method of conveying information to and within a development team is face-to-face conversation.” —The Agile Manifesto
This principle was needed in 2001, when the Agile Manifesto was written, because most employees worked in cubicles, and many projects were managed as tasks and handoffs from one team to another. Waterfall-style project management methodologies had a high failure rate, which led a growing number of organizations to shift to scrum, Kanban, and other agile methodologies.
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Organizations that adopted agile development often chose to collocate their development teams. In some organizations, this move to collocation created a preference to staff agile development teams with full-time employees. Subsequently, there was backlash on distributing teams, using external service providers, and relying on freelancers. It was easy to blame outsourcing for poor project delivery or a marketing agency for developing unsupportable code.
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